Glossary of terms

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid used as a food flavor enhancer. Dishes získávají charakteristickou umami chuť, pátou základní chuť vedle sladké, slané, kyselé a hořké. Přirozeně se vyskytuje v potravinách jako je parmezán, rajčata, sójová omáčka a mořské řasy. Průmyslově se vyrábí fermentací. Vědecké studie opakovaně potvrdily jeho bezpečnost.

Moo shu is a traditional northern Chinese dish of thin strips of pork with scrambled eggs, mushrooms, and vegetables, served in thin pancakes.

Moqueca is a Brazilian dish of fish or shrimp stewed in coconut milk with tomatoes, peppers, and palm oil.

Mortadella is a traditional Italian cured meat product originating from Bologna, made from finely ground pork with visible cubes of white fat, often supplemented with pistachios or black pepper. It has a characteristic pink colour, silky smooth texture, and delicate flavour. Authentic mortadella di Bologna is protected by PGI designation. It is prepared by slow cooking in ovens at low temperature, which gives it its tenderness.

Moussaka is a traditional Greek layered bake of aubergine, minced meat in tomato sauce and creamy bechamel topping.

Mousse is a light and airy dessert originating from French cuisine, with a name that means foam. It is prepared by whipping ingredients into a fluffy and creamy consistency. The most famous variety is chocolate mousse, but fruit, vanilla, and savory versions also exist. The base is typically chocolate or fruit puree combined with whipped egg whites or cream. Mousse is served chilled in bowls or glasses and often decorated with whipped cream or fresh fruit. It is considered an elegant dessert for special occasions.

Mozzarella is an Italian soft cheese made using the stretched curd technique (pasta filata), in which the curd is stretched and shaped in hot water. Traditional mozzarella di bufala is made from water buffalo milk and originates from the Campania region. The more common fior di latte variety is made from cow's milk. Mozzarella has a mild, milky flavor and an elastic texture. It is an essential ingredient in pizza, caprese salad, and lasagna. Fresh mozzarella is stored in brine and has a shorter shelf life.

A muffin is a small baked treat with a characteristic dome shape, baked in a paper or silicone cup. It originates from American cuisine and comes in both sweet and savory varieties. Sweet muffins are made with chocolate, blueberries, banana, or nuts. The batter is simple and quick to prepare by mixing dry and wet ingredients separately. Muffins differ from cupcakes by lacking frosting on top and having a less sweet batter. They are a popular snack and breakfast item that is easy to carry.

Mujadara is a Middle Eastern dish of lentils and rice crowned with a layer of crispy caramelised onions. A humble yet remarkably flavourful meal.

Mulberries are small fruits of the mulberry tree from the Moraceae family, originating from Asia. The fruits resemble blackberries in shape and come in three main species: white mulberry, red mulberry, and black mulberry. Black mulberries have the most intense sweet-sour flavour. Mulberries are rich in vitamin C, iron, potassium, and antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins. They are eaten fresh, dried, in jams, syrups, and desserts.

Mung bean is a small green legume originating from South Asia. It is a rich source of protein, fiber, and minerals, particularly iron and magnesium. In Asian cuisine, mung beans are used whole, hulled as yellow dal, or as bean sprouts. Mung bean sprouts are a popular ingredient in salads and Asian dishes. Mung beans cook relatively quickly and do not require soaking. They are the base for Indian dal and are also used to make glass noodles. Mung beans are valued for their versatility and nutritional profile.

Must is a natural fruit juice obtained by pressing fresh fruit, most commonly apples or pears. Unlike commercial juice, must is typically not pasteurized or filtered, which allows it to retain its natural cloudiness and full fruit flavor. Fresh must has a limited shelf life and should be consumed within a few days. It is enjoyed as a refreshing beverage and serves as the base for making cider and apple cider vinegar. In Central European tradition, pressing fruit into must is a popular autumn activity.